Site icon Cure Health Tiva

Associations of heat exposure with mental health and suicide in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Associations of heat exposure with mental health and suicide in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis
  • Fergusson, D. M., Boden, J. M. & Horwood, L. J. Recurrence of major depression in adolescence and early adulthood, and later mental health, educational and economic outcomes. Br. J. Psychiatry 191, 335–342 (2007).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Committee on Psychosocial Aspects of Child Family Health et al. Early childhood adversity, toxic stress, and the role of the pediatrician: translating developmental science into lifelong health. Pediatrics 129, e224–e231 (2012).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Kieling, C. et al. Worldwide prevalence and disability from mental disorders across childhood and adolescence: evidence from the global burden of disease study. JAMA Psychiatry 81, 347–356 (2024).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Thapar, A., Eyre, O., Patel, V. & Brent, D. Depression in young people. Lancet 400, 617–631 (2022).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Gili, M. et al. Mental disorders as risk factors for suicidal behavior in young people: a meta-analysis and systematic review of longitudinal studies. J. Affect. Disord. 245, 152–162 (2019).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Viner, R. M. et al. Adolescence and the social determinants of health. Lancet 379, 1641–1652 (2012).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Annual 2022 Global Climate Report. (2023).

  • Obradovich, N., Migliorini, R., Paulus, M. P. & Rahwan, I. Empirical evidence of mental health risks posed by climate change. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 115, 10953–10958 (2018).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar 

  • Mitchell, A., Maheen, H. & Bowen, K. Mental health impacts from repeated climate disasters: an Australian longitudinal analysis. Lancet Reg. Health West. Pac. 47 (2024).

  • Watts, N. et al. The Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: from 25 years of inaction to a global transformation for public health. Lancet 391, 581–630 (2018).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • UNICEF. A threat to progress: confronting the effects of climate change on child health and well-being. (2024).

  • UNICEF. Almost half a billion children live in areas experiencing at least twice as many extremely hot days as their grandparents, (2024).

  • O’Neill, M. S. & Ebi, K. L. Temperature Extremes and Health: Impacts of Climate Variability and Change in the United States. J. Occupat. Environ. Med. 51, 13–25 (2009).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Martin, G., Reilly, K., Everitt, H. & Gilliland, J. A. Review: the impact of climate change awareness on children’s mental well-being and negative emotions—a scoping review. Child Adolesc. Ment. Health 27, 59–72 (2022).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Albrecht, G. et al. Solastalgia: the distress caused by environmental change. Australas. Psychiatry 15, S95–S98 (2007).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Palinkas, L. A. & Wong, M. Global climate change and mental health. Curr. Opin. Psychol. 32, 12–16 (2020).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Kovats, R. S. & Hajat, S. Heat stress and public health: a critical review. Annu. Rev. Public Health 29, 41–55 (2008).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Pfautsch, S., Wujeska-Klause, A. & Walters, J. Outdoor playgrounds and climate change: Importance of surface materials and shade to extend play time and prevent burn injuries. Build. Environ. 223, 109500 (2022).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Mullins, J. T. & White, C. Temperature and mental health: evidence from the spectrum of mental health outcomes. J. Health Econ. 68, 102240 (2019).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Yablonskiy, D. A., Ackerman, J. J. H. & Raichle, M. E. Coupling between changes in human brain temperature and oxidative metabolism during prolonged visual stimulation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97, 7603–7608 (2000).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar 

  • McMorris, T. et al. Heat stress, plasma concentrations of adrenaline, noradrenaline, 5-hydroxytryptamine and cortisol, mood state and cognitive performance. Int. J. Psychophysiol. 61, 204–215 (2006).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Thompson, R. et al. Ambient temperature and mental health: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Planet. Health 7, e580–e589 (2023).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Liu, J. et al. Is there an association between hot weather and poor mental health outcomes? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Environ. Int. 153, 106533 (2021).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Morgan, R. L. et al. GRADE: Assessing the quality of evidence in environmental and occupational health. Environ. Int. 92-93, 611–616 (2016).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Page, M. J. et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ 372, n71 (2021).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Sawyer, S. M., Azzopardi, P. S., Wickremarathne, D. & Patton, G. C. The age of adolescence. Lancet Child Adolesc. Health 2, 223–228 (2018).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Hwong, A. R. et al. Climate change and mental health research methods, gaps, and priorities: a scoping review. Lancet Planet. Health 6, e281–e291 (2022).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • National Toxicology Program US Department of Health and Human Services National Institutes of Health. OHAT Risk of Bias Rating Tool for Human and Animal Studies. (2015).

  • Guyatt, G. H. et al. What is “quality of evidence” and why is it important to clinicians?. BMJ 336, 995 (2008).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Rooney, A. A., Boyles, A. L., Wolfe, M. S., Bucher, J. R. & Thayer, K. A. Systematic review and evidence integration for literature-based environmental health science assessments. Environ. Health Perspect. 122, 711–718 (2014).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • IntHout, J., Ioannidis, J. P. A. & Borm, G. F. The Hartung-Knapp-Sidik-Jonkman method for random effects meta-analysis is straightforward and considerably outperforms the standard DerSimonian-Laird method. BMC Med. Res. Methodol. 14, 25 (2014).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • World Health Organization. Adolescent health: Overview, (2025).

  • Borenstein, M. Avoiding common mistakes in meta-analysis: Understanding the distinct roles of Q, I-squared, tau-squared, and the prediction interval in reporting heterogeneity. Res. Synth. Methods 15, 354–368 (2024).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Higgins, J. P. T., Thompson, S. G., Deeks, J. J. & Altman, D. G. Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses. BMJ 327, 557 (2003).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Egger, M., Smith, G. D., Schneider, M. & Minder, C. Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test. BMJ 315, 629 (1997).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar 

  • Sedgwick, P. Meta-analyses: how to read a funnel plot. Br. Med. J. 346, f1342 (2013).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Stata Statistical Software: Release 17 (Stata Corp. 2021).

  • Basu, R., Gavin, L., Pearson, D., Ebisu, K. & Malig, B. Examining the association between apparent temperature and mental health-related emergency room visits in California. Am. J. Epidemiol. 187, 726–735 (2018).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Villeneuve, P. J. et al. Daily changes in ambient air pollution concentrations and temperature and suicide mortality in Canada: Findings from a national time-stratified case-crossover study. Environ. Res. 223, 115477 (2023).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar 

  • Bernstein, A. aron et al. Warm season and emergency department visits to U.S. Children’s Hospitals. Environ. Health Perspect. 130, 017001 (2022).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Chan, E. Y. Y. et al. Association between Ambient Temperatures and Mental Disorder Hospitalizations in a Subtropical City: A Time-Series Study of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 15, 754 (2018).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • da Silva, I., de Almeida, D. S., Hashimoto, E. M. & Martins, L. D. Risk assessment of temperature and air pollutants on hospitalizations for mental and behavioral disorders in Curitiba, Brazil. Environ. Health 19, 79 (2020).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Isaksen, T. B. et al. Increased mortality associated with extreme-heat exposure in King County, Washington, 1980–2010. Int. J. Biometeorol. 60, 85–98 (2016).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Niu, Y. et al. Short-term effect of apparent temperature on daily emergency visits for mental and behavioral disorders in Beijing, China: a time-series study. Sci. Total Environ. 733, 139040 (2020).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar 

  • Parks, R. M. et al. Anomalously warm temperatures are associated with increased injury deaths. Nat. Med. 26, 65–70 (2020).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhou, Y. et al. The role of extreme high humidex in depression in chongqing, China: a time series-analysis. Environ. Res. 222, 115400 (2023).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang, S. et al. Effect of increasing temperature on daily hospital admissions for schizophrenia in Hefei, China: a time-series analysis. Public Health 159, 70–77 (2018).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhou, Q. et al. Immediate and delayed effects of environmental temperature on schizophrenia admissions in Liuzhou, China, 2013–2020: a time series analysis. Int. J. Biometeorol. 68, 843–854 (2024).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Trang, P. M., Rocklöv, J., Giang, K. B., Kullgren, G. & Nilsson, M. Heatwaves and hospital admissions for mental disorders in Northern Vietnam. PLoS One 11, e0155609 (2016).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Nitschke, M., Tucker, G. R. & Bi, P. Morbidity and mortality during heatwaves in metropolitan Adelaide. Med. J. Aust. 187, 662–665 (2007).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Kim, Y. et al. Suicide and ambient temperature in East Asian countries: a time-stratified case-crossover analysis. Environ. Health Perspect. 124, 75–80 (2016).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Niu, L. et al. Temperature and mental health–related emergency department and hospital encounters among children, adolescents and young adults. Epidemiol. Psychiatr. Sci. 32, e22 (2023).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Rahman, M. M. et al. Ambient temperature and air pollution associations with suicide and homicide mortality in California: A statewide case-crossover study. Sci. Total Environ. 874, 162462 (2023).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, S. et al. The effect of temperature on cause-specific mental disorders in three subtropical cities: a case-crossover study in China. Environ. Int. 143, 105938 (2020).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, G. et al. Daily temperature variability and mental health-related hospital visits in New York State. Environ. Res. 257, 119238 (2024).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar 

  • He, W.-Q. et al. Extreme heat stress and unplanned hospital admissions. Pediatrics 155, e2024068183 (2024).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Ndovu, A. et al. Spatial variation in the association between extreme heat events and warm season pediatric acute care utilization: a small-area assessment of multiple health conditions and environmental justice implications in California (2005–2019). Environ. Health Perspect. 133, 017010 (2025).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhong, Z. et al. The impact of different types of extreme temperature events on mental disorders: a case-crossover study in Anhui Province, China. Environ. Res. 277, 121526 (2025).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar 

  • Stowell, J. D. et al. Warm-season temperatures and emergency department visits among children with health insurance. Environ. Res. Health 1, 015002 (2023).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Komulainen, K. et al. Climatic exposures in childhood and the risk of schizophrenia from childhood to early adulthood. Schizophr. Res. 248, 233–239 (2022).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Xu, Y., Wheeler, S. A. & Zuo, A. Will boys’ mental health fare worse under a hotter climate in Australia?. Popul. Environ. 40, 158–181 (2018).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Hu, J. et al. Associations of exposure to heatwaves with depression and anxiety among adolescents: a cross-sectional study of the Chinese adolescent health survey. J. Affect. Disord. 387, 119499 (2025).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Runkle, J. D. et al. Assessing the impact of heatwaves on emergency visits for major depression and suicidal ideation in youth with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. PLOS Ment. Health 2, e0000444 (2025).

    Article 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Florido Ngu, F., Kelman, I., Chambers, J. & Ayeb-Karlsson, S. Correlating heatwaves and relative humidity with suicide (fatal intentional self-harm). Sci. Rep. 11, 22175 (2021).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar 

  • Rother, H.-A. et al. Impact of extreme weather events on Sub-Saharan African child and adolescent mental health: the implications of a systematic review of sparse research findings. J. Clim. Change Health 5, 100087 (2022).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Uibel, D., Sharma, R., Piontkowski, D., Sheffield, P. E. & Clougherty, J. E. Association of ambient extreme heat with pediatric morbidity: a scoping review. Int. J. Biometeorol. 66, 1683–1698 (2022).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Fung, K. Y., Krewski, D., Chen, Y., Burnett, R. & Cakmak, S. Comparison of time series and case-crossover analyses of air pollution and hospital admission data. Int. J. Epidemiol. 32, 1064–1070 (2003).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Bhaskaran, K., Gasparrini, A., Hajat, S., Smeeth, L. & Armstrong, B. Time series regression studies in environmental epidemiology. Int. J. Epidemiol. 42, 1187–1195 (2013).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Maclure, M. & Mittleman, M. A. Should we use a case-crossover design?. Annu. Rev. Public Health 21, 193–221 (2000).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar 

  • Haines, A. et al. Public health benefits of strategies to reduce greenhouse-gas emissions: overview and implications for policy makers. Lancet 374, 2104–2114 (2009).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Reed, A., Henning, B., Cortes Espinosa, M., McKinley, H. & Busch Isaksen, T. Building community resilience to extreme heat: Lessons learned from Spokane, WA community conversations. Environ. Res. Health 2, 045007 (2024).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Johar, H. et al. Community-based heat adaptation interventions for improving heat literacy, behaviours, and health outcomes: a systematic review. Lancet Planet. Health 9, 101207 (2025).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Ahdoot, S. et al. Climate change and children’s health: building a healthy future for every child. Pediatrics 153, e2023065504 (2024).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Hyndman, B. & Zundans-Fraser, L. Determining public perceptions of a proposed national heat protection policy for Australian schools. Health Promotion J. Aust. 32, 75–83 (2021).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Bitsko, R. H. Mental health surveillance among children—United States, 2013–2019. MMWR Suppl. 71, 1–42 (2022).

  • Marrast, L., Himmelstein, D. U. & Woolhandler, S. Racial and ethnic disparities in mental health care for children and young adults: a national study. Int. J. Health Serv. 46, 810–824 (2016).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Reiss, F. Socioeconomic inequalities and mental health problems in children and adolescents: A systematic review. Soc. Sci. Med. 90, 24–31 (2013).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Bathiany, S., Dakos, V., Scheffer, M. & Lenton, T. M. Climate models predict increasing temperature variability in poor countries. Sci. Adv. 4, eaar5809 (2018).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Benz, S. A. & Burney, J. A. Widespread race and class disparities in surface urban heat extremes across the United States. Earth’s. Future 9, e2021EF002016 (2021).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Gronlund, C. J. Racial and socioeconomic disparities in heat-related health effects and their mechanisms: a review. Curr. Epidemiol. Rep. 1, 165–173 (2014).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Rakesh, A. et al. Extreme heat: a global call to action. Bull. World Health Organ. 103, 466 (2025).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • link

    Exit mobile version